The 16th century was one of rapid change for Ireland due to the encroaching control of the Tudors. Tudor policies rapidly changed the Gaelic way of life, sparking rebellion. These rebellions caused the Tudor government to look to other ways of subjecting the Irish, such as surrender and regrant. By focusing on one family, the O’Neills of Ulster, I propose to demonstrate that before surrender and regrant, the Gaelic lords were able to keep the English primarily located within the Pale. Unpublished Master's Thesis: Approved May 15, 2014, University of St. Thomas-Houston